XLS – extreme long shot is used to show a large amount of landscape around the characters. This is also known as an establishing shot. It is when the camera is at its furthest distance from the subject which expresses the back ground and if you’ve got an extreme long shot you can tell more about the picture.
LS – In photography, film and video, a long shot typically shows the entire object or human figure and is usually intended to place it in some relation to its surroundings. It is now common to refer to a long shot as a "wide shot" because it often requires the use of a wide-angle lens. When a long shot is used to set up a location and its participants in film and video, it is called an establishing shot.
MLS – medium long shot is a camera shot from a medium distance which is a shot of the person from the knees up or the waist up is a close-up shot. In other texts, these partial views are called medium shots. (For example, in Europe a medium shot is framed from the waist up). It is mainly used for a scene when you can see what kind of expressions they are using.
MS – medium shot in photography, film, or videotape production, shot where the subject and background share equal dominance in the picture. A medium shot of an individual will take in the body from the knees or waist up.
MCU – medium close up shot Half-way between a mid shot and a close-up. Usually covers the subject's head and shoulders. The settings can steel be seen. The lower frame line passes through the chest of the character.
CU – close up, these are used in many ways, for many reasons. Close-ups are often used as cutaways from a more distant shot to show detail, such as characters' emotions, or some intricate activity with their hands. Close cuts to characters' faces are used far more often in television than in movies; they are especially common in soap operas. For a director to deliberately avoid close-ups may create in the audience an emotional distance from the subject matter.
BCU – big close up is a very intimate shot. Great in dramatic moments when the actor is showing their facial expressions. You can see the look of concentration in a shot that is "full face". Sometimes used for interviews - especially when things are getting personal.
XCU – extreme close up is when a very small objects or areas or small portions of large objects can be photographed with an extreme close up shot (ECU), so their images are magnified on the screen. Small machine parts, such as calibrations on a ruler or a match at the end of a cigarette, can be very effective when shown on a full screen in an ECU. Do not forget, you must change camera angles between shots within a shot sequence.
Low angle shot - is a shot from a camera positioned low on the vertical axis, anywhere below the eye line, looking up. These shots make a character look so much bigger than the actual size.
The eye level shot of course, you know is at eye level. It is a very neutral shot. If you just video tape in advance or something, whether you are on a tripod or if your hand held, you know let's say you are doing a wedding or something else. Well you are going to be at eye levels, it's very neutral, just kind of document what's going on. Of course if somebody is sitting down you know the tripod is going to be lower at their eye level so the eye level is according to whether they are sitting or standing. It doesn't matter it's still an eye level shot.
High angle shot is usually when the camera is located above the eye line. With this type of angle, the camera looks down on the subject and the point of focus often get "swallowed up" by the setting. High angle shots also make the figure or object seem vulnerable or powerless.
Canted angle shot It’s when sometimes the camera is tilted (ie is not placed horizontal to floor level), to suggest imbalance, transition and instability (very popular in horror movies). This technique is used to suggest POINT-OF-View shots (ie when the camera becomes the 'eyes' of one particular character, seeing what they see — a hand held camera is often used for this.
Worm's eye view - camera is very close to the ground, tilted up. This is a very dramatic version of the low angle shot.
Bird’s eye view shows a scene from directly overhead, a very unnatural and strange angle. Familiar objects viewed from this angle might seem totally unrecognizable at first (umbrellas in a crowd, dancers' legs).This shot does, however, put the audience in a godlike position, looking down on the action. People can be made to look insignificant, antlike, part of a wider scheme of things. Hitchcock (and his admirers, like Brian de Palma) is fond of this style of shot.
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